Difference between revisions of "Barley"
From Cargo Handbook - the world's largest cargo transport guidelines website
| (80 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
| stowage factor = <ul><li>1.42 - 1.84 m<sup>3</sup>/t (bulk cargo)</li><li>1.39 - 1.87 m<sup>3</sup>/t (bags)</li></ul> | | stowage factor = <ul><li>1.42 - 1.84 m<sup>3</sup>/t (bulk cargo)</li><li>1.39 - 1.87 m<sup>3</sup>/t (bags)</li></ul> | ||
| angle of repose = Approx. 25° (average value) | | angle of repose = Approx. 25° (average value) | ||
| − | | humidity and moisture = <ul | + | | humidity and moisture = <ul><li>Relative humidity: 70%</li><li>Water content: 11 - 14%</li><li>Maximum equilibrium moisture content: 70%</li></ul> |
| oil content = The oil content of barley is approx. 2%. | | oil content = The oil content of barley is approx. 2%. | ||
| − | | ventilation = Recommended ventilation conditions: surface ventilation (see text) | + | | ventilation = Recommended ventilation conditions: surface ventilation (see text) |
| − | | risk factors = | + | | risk factors = <ul><li>CO<sub>2</sub> Gases</li><li>Temperature; favorable travel temperature range: no lower limit - 20°C. Molds reach optimum activity at temperatures of between 20 and 30°C. In addition, at temperatures > 25°C, metabolic processes increase, leading to increased CO<sub>2</sub> production and self-heating of the barley</li><li>Self-heating / Spontaneous combustion</li><li>Odour</li><li>Contamination</li><li>Mechanical influences</li><li>Shrinkage/Shortage; evaporation may cause weight losses of at most 0.5%.</li><li>Insect infestation / Diseases</li></ul> |
}} | }} | ||
| − | ==Description== | + | ==Description (See also [[Grain]])== |
| − | Barley | + | Barley is a common staple in human and animal diets. Part of the grass family, barley grows in over 100 countries and is one of the most popular cereal crops, surpassed only by [[wheat]], [[corn]] and rice. It is currently popular in temperate areas where it is grown as a summer crop and tropical areas where it is sown as a winter crop. Its germination time is one to three days. Barley grows under cool conditions, but is not particularly winter hardy. Barley has a short growing season and is also relatively drought tolerant<br><br> |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Applications== | ==Applications== | ||
| − | + | It serves as a major animal fodder, a source of fermentable material for [[beer]] and certain distilled beverages, and as a component of various health foods. It is used in soups and stews, and in barley bread of various cultures. Barley grains are commonly made into [[malt]] in a traditional and ancient method of preparation.<br><br> | |
==Shipping/storage== | ==Shipping/storage== | ||
| − | Barley is | + | Barley is chiefly transported as [[Bulk Cargo]] and only sometimes in bags (seed). <br><br> |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| + | ==Humidity/Moisture== | ||
| + | The best way of reducing the activity (respiration) of the [[grain]] and avoiding mold growth and spoilage processes is adequate pre-drying of the barley to approx. 11 - 14% moisture content.<br><br> | ||
| + | <b>Ventilation</b><br> | ||
| + | At < 13% moisture contents (and RH of < 70%) barley does not need to be ventilated. | ||
| + | <br><br> | ||
| + | Up to moisture contents of 15%, adequate surface ventilation is advisable but not too cold to avoid damp superficial layers beneath the cargo surface. When there is a significant temperature gradient between the cargo and the external temperature, ventilation should be restricted.<br><br> | ||
| + | Cereals loaded in a too moist condition cannot be protected from spoilage by ship's ventilation system.<br><br> | ||
| + | Note: <i>(Source including Transport Information Service of the GDV)</i> | ||
[[Category: Products]] | [[Category: Products]] | ||
| − | + | [[Category: Seeds and agriproducts]] | |
| − | [[Category: Seeds]] | ||
Latest revision as of 10:04, 19 November 2012
| Infobox on Barley | |
|---|---|
| Example of Barley |  |
| Facts | |
| Origin | This Table shows only a selection of the most important countries of origin and should not be thought of as exhaustive
|
| Stowage factor (in m3/t) |
|
| Angle of repose | Approx. 25° (average value) |
| Humidity / moisture |
|
| Oil content | The oil content of barley is approx. 2%. |
| Ventilation | Recommended ventilation conditions: surface ventilation (see text) |
| Risk factors |
|
Barley
Contents
Description (See also Grain)
Barley is a common staple in human and animal diets. Part of the grass family, barley grows in over 100 countries and is one of the most popular cereal crops, surpassed only by wheat, corn and rice. It is currently popular in temperate areas where it is grown as a summer crop and tropical areas where it is sown as a winter crop. Its germination time is one to three days. Barley grows under cool conditions, but is not particularly winter hardy. Barley has a short growing season and is also relatively drought tolerant
Applications
It serves as a major animal fodder, a source of fermentable material for beer and certain distilled beverages, and as a component of various health foods. It is used in soups and stews, and in barley bread of various cultures. Barley grains are commonly made into malt in a traditional and ancient method of preparation.
Shipping/storage
Barley is chiefly transported as Bulk Cargo and only sometimes in bags (seed).
Humidity/Moisture
The best way of reducing the activity (respiration) of the grain and avoiding mold growth and spoilage processes is adequate pre-drying of the barley to approx. 11 - 14% moisture content.
Ventilation
At < 13% moisture contents (and RH of < 70%) barley does not need to be ventilated.
Up to moisture contents of 15%, adequate surface ventilation is advisable but not too cold to avoid damp superficial layers beneath the cargo surface. When there is a significant temperature gradient between the cargo and the external temperature, ventilation should be restricted.
Cereals loaded in a too moist condition cannot be protected from spoilage by ship's ventilation system.
Note: (Source including Transport Information Service of the GDV)